Chapter XI- Earthquake in Lisbon in 1755

On November 1, 1755 (a religious holiday in Portugal for the celebration of All Saints Day) at 9.30 or 9.40 in the morning when many people were in the churches to celebrate this Catholic holiday, the earthquake struck the city of Lisbon, Earth shook violently for 6 minutes, killing the tallest buildings
The earthquake hit the Tagus River and three times a giant wave rose 20 meters high, which projected the ships to land, swept the banks of the city and dragged people and goods to the bottom of the river
The lit candles of some houses and churches fell and caused fires in the neighborhoods.

Picture 1- Earthquake in Lisbon in 1755

In total approximately more than 10 thousand people died however historians exist who defend that they died many more.
It was one of the deadliest earthquakes in history, and it is estimated that the earthquake hit the magnitude of 8.7 or 9 on the Richter scale
The Portuguese royal family and King D. José escaped unhurt to the catastrophe because, after attending mass very early that day, they left for Lisbon to spend the holiday at the request of the princesses (king's daughters), however. D. José I was a phobia of stone and lime buildings, living the rest of his life in a luxurious complex of Tents in Alto da Ajuda, Lisbon

Day after the earthquake
Just as the king survived this catastrophe, the King's Minister Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo was the only one who proved himself capable of organizing Lisbon after the cause of the earthquake.

Picture 2- Wide streets, Lisbon

A new city is born, with large squares and wide and straight avenues
The reconstruction of the city allows Lisbon to become a disorganized city in a truly modern city
The reconstruction of the city was due to the gold withdrawn from Minas Gerais (Brazil), but also an abrupt increase of taxes in both Portugal and Brazil, and in the remaining Portuguese colonies
The new center of Lisbon, better known as Baixa Pombalina is currently one of the most noble areas of the city

Picture 3- Baixa Pombalina, in Lisbon 

Picture 4-  Baixa Pombalina, in Lisbon


Picture 5-  Baixa Pombalina, in Lisbon

Impact on Portuguese Society
In the Portuguese economy, the earthquake came to a great shake in the real coffers, and there was an increase of extraordinary taxes to help recover Lisbon

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