Chapter XII- French invasions
In 1789 the French people revolted against the politics and society of the time (nobility and clergy) and directed a movement of revolution known as the French Revolution, whose objective was the struggle for three great ideals: equality, freedom and fraternity
They wanted to fight for equality for all (which was not the case, since the nobility and the clergy had high offices, many privileges, and did not pay taxes)
They also wished to fight against monarchical absolutism .
On July 14, 1789, with the Taking of the Bastille marks the beginning of this revolutionary process, in which the people invaded the prison where many political prisoners were imprisoned.
During this revolution, French revolutionaries killed King Louis XVI of France, as did the French royal family
The French general Napoleon Bonaparte is placed in power, becoming the first consul of France and establishing a dictatorship in the country.
However Napoleon's goals go further, the aim of this dictator is to control Europe, becoming for this his Emperor
Taking England as a natural enemy, it forbids European ports to enter into a trade relationship with England called the Continental Blockade, with the purpose of weakening England's exports and causing an industrial crisis, since it was Britain that had the Maritime trade
This problematic of the Continental Blockade, appears in Portugal in the reign of D. Maria I, under the regency of its son D. João (VI). The Portuguese regent infant has the difficult task of deciding whether to comply with the Continental Blockade and tacitly shows signs of supporting the French or if he does not comply with it and allies with England
It happens the Peninsular War (it is a war between Portugal and England against the Empire of France and its ally Spain, it had like aim to remove of dominion of the Iberian Peninsula during the wars or Napoleonic invasions).
The peninsular war began with the invasion and occupation of the Spanish and French armies in Portugal in 1807, this war lasted until the defeat of Napoleon in 1815
The Peninsular War in Portugal had 3 French invasions
On July 24, 1808 Lieutenant General Sir Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington landed in Portugal, in Porto with his British army beginning the Peninsular War
In spite of the various defeats, the French do not stop trying to invade Lisbon, but were stopped in front of the Lines of Towers (set of pits and trenches) located in the Lisbon Peninsula, near Torres Vedras that extended along 80 km consisted of a set Of 152 fortifications garrisoned by 600 pieces of artillery and other defensive work with the aim of preventing the French from advancing and reaching the capital
The order of construction of Lines of Towers was given by the Duke of Wellinghton in October of 1809.
The lines of Torres ended up provoking the withdrawal of French troops from Portugal, and months later the definitive abandonment of the French-Spanish army.
After the withdrawal and defeat of the French in Portugal, the Allies managed to defeat the French armies battle after battle
The Peninsular War ends at the Battle of Toulouse on April 10, 1814
When Napoleon was defeated in 1815, the royal family was still in Brazil
In 1807 the Portuguese royal family leaves for Brazil and only returns to Portugal in 1821
They wanted to fight for equality for all (which was not the case, since the nobility and the clergy had high offices, many privileges, and did not pay taxes)
They also wished to fight against monarchical absolutism .
On July 14, 1789, with the Taking of the Bastille marks the beginning of this revolutionary process, in which the people invaded the prison where many political prisoners were imprisoned.
During this revolution, French revolutionaries killed King Louis XVI of France, as did the French royal family
The French general Napoleon Bonaparte is placed in power, becoming the first consul of France and establishing a dictatorship in the country.
Picture 1- Napoleon Bonaparte
However Napoleon's goals go further, the aim of this dictator is to control Europe, becoming for this his Emperor
Taking England as a natural enemy, it forbids European ports to enter into a trade relationship with England called the Continental Blockade, with the purpose of weakening England's exports and causing an industrial crisis, since it was Britain that had the Maritime trade
This problematic of the Continental Blockade, appears in Portugal in the reign of D. Maria I, under the regency of its son D. João (VI). The Portuguese regent infant has the difficult task of deciding whether to comply with the Continental Blockade and tacitly shows signs of supporting the French or if he does not comply with it and allies with England
It happens the Peninsular War (it is a war between Portugal and England against the Empire of France and its ally Spain, it had like aim to remove of dominion of the Iberian Peninsula during the wars or Napoleonic invasions).
The peninsular war began with the invasion and occupation of the Spanish and French armies in Portugal in 1807, this war lasted until the defeat of Napoleon in 1815
The Peninsular War in Portugal had 3 French invasions
On July 24, 1808 Lieutenant General Sir Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington landed in Portugal, in Porto with his British army beginning the Peninsular War
Picture 2 Arthur Wellesley
Picture 3- Monument to the Heroes in the Peninsular War in the Boavista Roundabout, Porto celebrating the Portuguese-British victory in the French Invasions, at the top of the monument is the lion (English symbol) defeating the eagle (Symbol of the French), which is under the lion
In spite of the various defeats, the French do not stop trying to invade Lisbon, but were stopped in front of the Lines of Towers (set of pits and trenches) located in the Lisbon Peninsula, near Torres Vedras that extended along 80 km consisted of a set Of 152 fortifications garrisoned by 600 pieces of artillery and other defensive work with the aim of preventing the French from advancing and reaching the capital
Picture 4- Lines of Towers
Picture 5-Lines of Towers
The order of construction of Lines of Towers was given by the Duke of Wellinghton in October of 1809.
The lines of Torres ended up provoking the withdrawal of French troops from Portugal, and months later the definitive abandonment of the French-Spanish army.
After the withdrawal and defeat of the French in Portugal, the Allies managed to defeat the French armies battle after battle
The Peninsular War ends at the Battle of Toulouse on April 10, 1814
When Napoleon was defeated in 1815, the royal family was still in Brazil
In 1807 the Portuguese royal family leaves for Brazil and only returns to Portugal in 1821
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